高产稳产大豆新品种兆丰2号的选育与应用

介绍了大豆新品种兆丰2号的选育过程、生物学特征特性、品质、抗性及产量表现,并总结了其配套栽培技术。     

野生大豆资源的研究现状与发展前景

本文对野生大豆种质资源的起源、新型应用、以及未来发展进行了阐述。对其遗传性状进行了简单分析,并从国内分布的地理位置、种质资源发展所需要面对的一些问题进行了探讨。为野生大豆资源的相关研究提供参考。     

Establishment and application of an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans

In order to screen the aroma characteristics of soybean,a new method was established which can quickly quantify the content of 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2-AP),an important compound related to soybean aroma,using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Based on peak profile,total peak area and retention time as test indexes,an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans was established.The optimum parameters of the protocol consisted of column temperature70°C,sample injector temperature 180°C,optimum extraction alcohol content 1 m L,Na Cl content 0.1 g,ultrasonication time10 min,and extraction time 1 h,which were established by using the orthogonal test of single factors and three factors with four levels (L_9(3)~4).2-AP content of leaves had significant correlations with seeds,which were easier to measure.The protocol was simple and easy to carry out,consumed only small amounts of reagents,and provided accurate and reliable results with good reproducibility.A total of 101 soybean genotypes from different geographical sources were analyzed using this protocol.The results showed that the average content of 2-AP was 0.29 mg L~(–1),ranging from 0.094 to 1.816 mg L~(–1),and the genetic diversity index was 0.54.Among all genotypes-tested,they were classified into three grades,including seven elite genotypes identified as"grade one fragrant soybeans",which were Zhonglong 608,Heinong 88,Ha13-2958,Hongmiandou,Heinong 82,Huangmaodou,and Jiyu 21.These results provide both an identification technique and several elite aroma genotypes for gene discovery and good quality breeding in soybean.     

基于高通量测序及分离培养初步研究美国大豆中真菌多样性

中国是全球最大的大豆进口国,进境大豆所携带的病原真菌传入我国的风险极高。基于高通量测序技术对6批美国大豆真菌多样性进行分析,同时采用分离培养获得单一菌株,依据菌落形态、显微结构及分子技术进行鉴定。高通量测序结果显示,大豆中所有真菌共计5门15纲35目63科112属155种,主要为链格孢属(Alternaria)、球腔菌科(Mycosphaerellaceae)、小戴卫霉科(Davidiellaceae)、小囊菌科(Plectosphaerellaceae)、赤霉属(Gibberella)、附球霉属(Epicoccum)、间座壳属(Diaporthe)、隐球菌属(Cryptococcus)。分离培养结果显示,得到真菌共计40株10种,分别是大豆北方茎溃疡病菌(Diaporthe phaseolorum var.caulivora)、大豆南方茎溃疡病菌(Diaporthe phaseolorum var.meridionalis)、大豆拟茎点种腐病菌(Diaporthe longicolla/Phomopsis longicolla)、大豆炭腐病菌(Macrophomina phaseolina)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、菌核菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)、附球菌(Epicoccum sp.)、交链孢菌(Alternaria sp.)、小双胞腔菌(Didymella sp.)。     

贺兰山野生大型真菌孢子多样性分析

为探讨贺兰山野生大型真菌孢子的多样性,2012-2016年在内蒙古贺兰山南寺和哈拉乌沟两地进行取样,每个样地分别由5人从沟谷入口处进行拉网式调查,共获得4 000余份样品,经过微观形态观察和基因ITS序列比对,鉴定出8目25科69属189种大型真菌,主要对其孢子形态特征、表面特征及长宽比进行分析,得到如下结论:质量性状上,孢子形态特征和表面特征相互独立;数量性状上,大小孢子长宽比、孢子极端比和平均比均具有一致性和关联性,显示孢子数量特征的稳定性;菌种间孢子质量性状和数量性状具有很强的多样性;按照孢子多样性低、中、高分类,贺兰山野生大型真菌物种数分别为152种、26种和11种;孢子多样性分类为大型真菌鉴别、分类提供了基本依据。     

CRISPR/Cas9介导的多基因编辑系统在大豆中的应用

自CRISPR/Cas9（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9）基因 组编辑技术发现以来，迅速在作物中得到广泛应用。但是，CRISPR/Cas9多基因编辑系统在大豆中的研究尚待开 发。本文利用CRISPR/Cas9介导的多基因编辑系统，分别构建了两个载体，一个载体含6个靶点，编辑7个大豆基因 （4个Glycine max ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1（GmAS1）同源基因和3个GmAS2 同源基因），另一个载体含8个靶点，编辑 11个G. max AGAMOUS 家族同源基因（4个GmAG 同源基因，2个G. max SEEDSTICK（GmSTK）同源基因和5个G. max SHATTERPROOF1（GmSHP1/2）同源基因）。大豆遗传转化后，经表型鉴定和靶点检测发现，CRISPR/Cas9介导的多 基因编辑系统在大豆中成功实现了多基因编辑。当3个GmAS1 同源基因和3个GmAS2 同源基因同时突变时，导致 大豆叶片向远轴面弯曲、皱缩且叶柄变短的表型。当2个GmSHP1 同源基因和2个GmSTK 同源基因同时突变时，导 致豆荚停止发育的不育表型。     

Aux/IAA基因家族鉴定及对大豆茎尖发育的调控作用分析

Aux/IAA 基因家族在植物茎尖发育过程发挥重要作用。为了探究大豆Aux/IAA 基因家族在大豆茎尖发育过程的调控作用，本文以拟南芥Aux/IAA 基因家族蛋白序列为参照鉴定了大豆全基因组Aux/IAA 家族基因，包括63个成员；然后以拟南芥、鹰嘴豆和大豆的Aux/IAA 家族为研究对象，比对这些基因全长氨基酸序列并构建进化树，结果表明三种作物的Aux/IAA 家族成员间亲缘关系差异明显，进化过程中同源重组频率不同；进而利用RNA-seq技术分析东农594（DN）、Charleston（CH）及二者杂交后代的RIL群体的高矮秆池（WH、WS）和F2群体的高矮秆池（JH、JS）的差异表达基因及其功能，共有17个Aux/IAA 基因在3组材料中差异表达。CHvsDN组有15个差异表达基因，JHvsJS组有2个，WHvsWS组只有1个；其中，Glyma.10G180100 在JHvsJS组和WHvsWS组均差异表达，这些结果为进一步研究大豆Aux/IAA 基因家族的功能及调控茎尖发育提供理论依据。     

Characterization and pathogenicity of six Cytospora strains causing stem canker of wild apple in the Tianshan Forest,China

Cytospora species are capable of causing destructive cankers of stems belonging to a wide range of woody plant species. In severe cases, cankers may lead to dieback of twigs and branches. Little is known about the Cytospora species causing canker disease of wild apple (Malus sieversii) trees in the Wild Fruit Forest Reserve in Tianshan Forest, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In this study, six Cytospora isolates belonging to two species were isolated from cankerous lesions of wild apple twigs. Based on multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis using three DNA markers (ITS, tef1‐α and tub2) and morphological characterization, these isolates were identified as Cytospora mali and Cytospora parasitica. Temperature trials (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) showed that the optimal growth temperature for six isolates was 25°C. At a variety of temperatures, C. mali isolates tended to grow faster than isolates of C. parasitica, with the C. mali isolate, EGI1 performing better than others with regard to growth rate. Morphological observations showed that these species exhibited a single locule without conceptacles, and the conidia length was 3–5 μm. In vitro inoculation trials of twigs and leaves of M. sieversii seedlings revealed that the C. mali isolates were highly virulent phytopathogenic fungi, whereas the C. parasitica isolates were less virulent. The isolate EGI1 was the most virulent isolate among the six isolates. This paper presents the first report of pathogenic Cytospora spp. of the M. sieversii Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Reserve of Yili, Xinjiang in China. It will aid in the understanding of how apple tree cankers are induced and provide disease management guidelines for M. sieversii forest conservation.     

云南野生食用菌生态休闲观光旅游探索

得天独厚的地理环境和悠久的野生食用菌历史,奠定了云南野生食用菌的重要地位与属性,云南也逐渐将野生食用菌资源纳入到生态休闲观光旅游的范畴,并成为云南旅游经济新的增长点。结合云南的野生食用菌栽培及旅游模式开发的现状,发现云南在野生食用菌生态休闲观光旅游探索上存在的问题,通过对问题的分析与解决,对云南野生食用菌的生态休闲观光旅游建设具有一定的指导意义。